William Waldorf Astor, among others, pledged $15 million to finance the fair if Congress awarded it to New York, while ChicagoansĬyrus McCormick, Jr., offered to finance a Chicago fair. Congress was called on to decide the location. Louis, New York City, Washington DC, and Chicago expressed interest in hosting a fair to generate profits, boost real estate values, and promote their cities. Nonetheless, ideas about distinguishing the 400th anniversary of Columbus' landing started in the late 1880s. World's fair in Philadelphia in 1876 drew crowds, but was a financial failure. World's fairs, such as London's 1851Ĭrystal Palace Exhibition, had been successful in Europe as a way to bring together societies fragmented along class lines. Gilded Age of rapid industrial growth, immigration, and class tension. The fair was planned in the early 1890s during the Milo Barnum Richardson, among many others. John Whitfield Bunn, and Connecticut banking, insurance, and iron products magnate Schwab, Chicago railroad and manufacturing magnate Many prominent civic, professional, and commercial leaders from around the United States participated in the financing, coordination, and management of the Fair, including Chicago shoe company owner Charles H. United States House of Representatives on location of the 1893 World's Fair 10.4 Inventions and manufacturing advances.9 "Greatest Refrigerator on Earth" fire tragedy.3.1.2 Role in the City Beautiful Movement.2.3 Country and state exhibition buildings. 1.3 Assassination of mayor and end of fair.Chicago has commemorated the fair with one of the stars on its The debt for the fair was soon paid off with a check for $1.5 million (equivalent to $45.2 million in 2021). On October 9, 1893, the day designated as Chicago Day, the fair set a world record for outdoor event attendance, drawing 751,026 people. Great Chicago Fire, which had destroyed much of the city in 1871. In addition to recognizing the 400th anniversary of the discovery of the New World by Europeans, the fair also served to show the world that Chicago had risen from the ashes of the The fair continued until October 30, 1893. The Great Exhibition became a symbol of theĭedication ceremonies for the fair were held on October 21, 1892, but the fairgrounds were not actually opened to the public until May 1, 1893. World's fairs, and it became a symbol of the emergingĪmerican Exceptionalism, much in the same way that Its scale and grandeur far exceeded the other More than 27 million people attended the exposition during its six-month run. Lagoons, and people and cultures from 46 countries. The exposition covered 690 acres (2.8 km 2), featuring nearly 200 new (but deliberately temporary) buildings of predominantly neoclassical architecture, Artists and musicians were featured in exhibits and many also made depictions and works of art inspired by the exposition. Many prominent architects designed its 14 "great buildings". Staff) gave the fairgrounds its nickname, the White City. The color of the material generally used to cover the buildings' façades (white Neoclassical architecture principles based on symmetry, balance, and splendor. It was the prototype of what Burnham and his colleagues thought a city should be. The layout of the Chicago Columbian Exposition was, in large part, designed byĬharles B. The exposition was an influential social and cultural event and had a profound effect on AmericanĪrchitecture, the arts, American industrial optimism, and Chicago's image. Chicago had won the right to host the fair over several other cities, including Jackson Park, was a large water pool representing the voyage Columbus took to the New World. The World's Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) was aĬhicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Chicago World's Columbian Exposition 1893, with
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